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1a) (i)Migration: rural-urban migration tends to increase the population of these towns.

(ii)commercial activities resence of markets and business transactions pulls people to

these areas.

(iii)presence of industries: the presence of

industries in Lagos,Ibadan, kano, etc provides

jobs for the people.

(iv)employment opportunities: the availability of jobs in these towns also swells the

population.

(iv)Administrative headquarters: some towns

like lagos,enugu,ibadan and kano serves as

administrative capitals which attract people

to the area. (1b) (i)pressure on natural resources:natural

resources like fertile farmlands become over

exploited where there is high population

growth in the area.

(ii)insufficient food:as a result of the high

influx of people into an area, there will not be sufficient food or water for the high

population:

(iii)Traffic congestion:many people travel on

the. roads at the same time and since they are

usually many, there will be traffic congestion.

(iv)inadequate housing:high population concentration leads to poor accommodation

as the houses available might not be enough.

(v)environmental pollution oor housing and pressure on natural and social facilities do

lead to

environmental pollution.

(1c) (i)proision of more social amenities.

(ii)creation of more jobs by establishing

industries. (iii)provision of more houses at affordable rates

2a)i.) It is the cheapest means of

transportation of people and goods from place

to place.

(ii.) It has the merit of transporting cargo

and people over relatively longer distance when compared to road transport.

(iii.) It is the most comfortable means for

transporting bulky and heavy goods (both

finish goods and raw material) to and from

industries.

(2aii) It sometimes shorten the distance of travel between two places.

[II]It is sometimes the best means of transport

for heavy,high pricely inflammabble goods

likd compressed gas. [III]In land navigation is

very cheap.

(2b)i.) Management laxing due to lack of management expertise and dedication.

(ii.) Lack of spare parts to fix damaged rail

and train part.

(iii.) It has a very low patronage because it

may not be as fashionable and attractive as

means such as air.

(iv.) Inadequate funding and

EXPLANIATION

2a)i. Industrialisation- highly industrialisationas many different types of industries are present, these attract people to the area.ii. Immigration: many people from different part of the world migrate for employment oppurtunities which abound as a result of the concentration of industriesiii. Improved medical facilities: coupling with well trained medical personnel favours the increase in populationiv. Presence of mineral resource: when a particular country is blessed with many resources which make mining activities possible (2b)i. Pressure on Natural resourcesii. Unemploymentiii. Pressure on social amentiesiv. Inadquate health services

 (2c)i. Provision of gainful employment for women: This will enable them to be occupied with something else rather breeding children day and nightii. Encouragement of emigration: This will also ensure the movement of people from thickly populated to low populated areas.

(3a) (i)majority of. the industries are

operating on small scale bases. i.e

small scale enterprises.

(ii)they can only be located in urban centres.

(iii)they are dependent on imported

raw materials from other countries.

(iv)they depend on technical

expertise from other countries.

(v)large concentration on consumable goods.

(vi)products are essentially made for

local markets.

(3b) -diffrences in climate:this reason favours the growing of different crops for export.

 -differences in import duties and price: the higher, the import duties imposed on imported determines world trade -differences in taste:goods produced in one country may be the favourite of the other people elsewhere. 

-differences in technology: 

there are differences in skill and technical knowledge which are used for the production of different goods and services. thus each country want to specialise in the production of goods and services for which it has the techincal know how

. 3c -productivity

 - Relative inflation

 - exchange rate 

- Cost of Doing

4a)Nigeria is a sub-saharan nation located in

west Africa. It is located between latitudes

4degree N and 14digre N of the equator and between longitudes 3digre E and

15digree of the greenwich meridian

(4aii) Nigeria is the fourth largest country in

Africa after Niger,Mali and Mauritania. It has

an area of about 923,000sgkm

(b) (i) Source of minerals: most highlands in

Nigeria are source of minerals like coal

(enugu) tin and columbite (jos

plateau) ,gold,diamond and limestone.

(ii) For defence: highland are useful in time of

inter-tribal wars for easy defence against enemies.

(iii)As a sources of rivers: most highland in

Nigeria serve as watershed or sources

of many rivers and streams.

4b. 1. air transport is large

and labour intensive industry..

2. Air transport has indirectly helped the

business to grow at and around the

various

airport terminals. Such as hotel and tourism

businesses, boutique, road haulage

busines.

3. Another contribution of air transport

which is closely related to job creation is

that it aids mobility of labour. .

4. Air transport promotes trade and

commerce:-

(iv)As tourist centres: some highland in

Nigeria serve as centre for tourist attraction e.g jos plateau

(v)some highlands has cool climate which aids

settlement of people

(5b) -Rapids andcataracts: presence of rapids andcataracts which impede drainage or

navigation.

-shallowness:majority of the nigerian rivers

are very shallow.

-short distance:most rivers often flow over

short distance, hence not suitable for navigation.

(5c)

-irrigation

-hydro-electric power generation

(3a)(i)majority of the industries are operating

on small scalebases. i.e small scale enterprises.

(ii)they can only be located in urban centres.

(iii)they are dependent on imported raw

materials

from other countries.

(iv)they depend on technical expertise from other

countries.

(v)large concentration on consumable goods.

(vi)products are essentially made for local

markets.

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